Programming PDF – Unit 1

(1)

Unit 1

Digital Systems Based on

Microprocessor

SYSTEMS BASED ON MICROPROCESSORS

Degree in Computer Engineering

EPS – UAM

(1) [19659002] Index

1. Digital systems based on microprocessor.

1.1. Basic architecture of a digital system based on

microprocessor.
1.2
Basic architecture of a microprocessor.
1.3. Operation of a system based on

microprocessor.

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1.1 Basic architecture of a digital system

based on microprocessor (I)

CLK

RST

PERIPHERALS

B
or
s
d
e
D
i
r
e
c
c
or
n
e
s

i

B
or
s
d
e
D
to
t
or
s

CPU

FA [19659002] B
u
s
d
e
C
or
n
t
r
or

l

MEMORY

LOG.

SELECTION

PORTS

I / O

DIGITAL SYSTEM (COMPUTER)

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1.1 Basic architecture of a digital system

based on microprocessor (II)

CPU or MICROPROCESSOR

Device that executes programs.
Interacts with other devices (I / O ports and
peripherals, memory) of the system as indicated in
program.

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1.1 Basic architecture of a digital system

based on microprocessor (III)

MEMORY

Device that stores instructions in code
machine of the program and its related data.
Non-volatile memory (ROM) for the program
Volatile memory (RAM) for variables and battery

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1.1 Basic architecture of a digital system

based on microprocessor (IV) )

I / O PORTS

Very varied set of devices that facilitate the
connection of peripherals (keyboard, monitor, printer,
etc.) to the digital system.
In some cases known as controllers

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1.1 Basic architecture of a digital system

based on microprocessor (V)

SYSTEM BUSES

Set of connections through which data travel
between CPU and system devices (MEMORY
and I / O PORTS)

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1.1 Basic architecture of a digital system

based on microprocessor (VI)

Secondary elements [19659002] CLOCK (CLK): Circuit that generates the clock signal
necessary for the CPU (sequential circuit ial) and others
devices (ports) that need to tune,
synchronize, etc.

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1.1 Basic architecture of a digital system

based on microprocessor (VII)

Secondary elements

RESET (RST): Circuit that generates a pulse that the
CPU and other devices understand as a request for
restart.

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1.1 Basic architecture of a digital system

based on microprocessor (VIII)

Secondary elements

POWER SUPPLY (FA): Circuit that
generates the voltages (Volts) necessary for the
power supply of the electronic circuits of the system. [19659002] (1)

1.1 Basic architecture of a digital system

based on microprocessor (IX)

Secondary elements

SELECTION LOGIC: Combination circuit
simple (doors, PLD, etc.) that activates / deactivates the
devices of the system ema according to the addresses
assigned in the memory map (*).

(*) In systems with MAPEO

I / O IN MEMORY

(1) 1.2 Basic architecture of a microprocessor

(U. CONTROL)

(U. ARITHMETIC-LOGIC)

COUNTER DE
PROGRAM (PC)

REGISTER OF

INSTRUCTION (IR)

POINTER OF
LA PILA (SP)

STATE REGISTRY

(STATUS or SR )

CONTROL CIRCUITS

(SEQUENCER)

DATA RECORDS

RECORDS OF
ADDRESSES

ALU

CPU WITH ARCHITECTURE VON NEUMANN

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1.3 Operation of a system based on

microprocessor (I)

Application program resides in memory (code
machine)

The CPU reads sequentially (state machine) the
program instructions when executing it and interprets them
internally by translating them into microorders.

Depending on the instruction executed, the CPU can:

Transfer data to the I / O ports or memory.
Execute control statements internally.
Perform arithmetic and logic operations.
Manipulate some internal parameters through
system registers.

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1.3 Operation of a system based on

microprocessor (II)

USER PROGRAMS AND

OTHER APPLICATIONS

LIBRARIES AND APPLICATION INTERFACES

(APIs)

OPERATING SYSTEM

(MONITOR, DOS, WINDOWS, LINUX)

ROUTINES UNDER LEVEL

(BIOS)

HARDWARE

.



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